Newton's book which established the law of universal gravitation and discredited Ptolemy's ideas about the universe for good.īritish scientist who defined the laws of motion, discovered gravity, experimented with optics, invented differential calculusįlorentine scientist that designed a telescope that proved Copernican theory discovered the moons of Jupiter placed under house arrest by pope for revolutionary astronomical theoriesĮnglish statesman and philosopher precursor of British empiricism advocated inductive reasoning (1561-1626)īelieved that humans consisted of physical and non physical properties (body and mind) used deductive reasoning (reasoning through previously know facts) to come to conclusions wrote Discourse on Method.įrench mathematician and philosopher who invented an adding machine contributed (with Fermat) to the theory of probability and espoused Christian philosophy (1623-1662)Įnglish materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) A philosophical and theological system, associated with Thomas Aquinas, devised to reconcile Aristotelian philosophy and Roman Catholic theology in the thirteenth century.ĭeveloped the first modern theory of a sun-centered universe | Heliocentric ModelĪmassed nearly 20 years worth of astrological data that eventually led to the disproval of the geocentric theory.įounder of modern astronomy, he formulated the laws of planetary motion, describing how the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits.
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